Solicitor General of India (past and present)

Solicitor General	Term
C.K.Daphtary	28.01.1950 – 01.03.1963
H.N. Sanyal	02.03.1963 – 09.09.1964
S.V. Gupta	10.09.1964 – 16.09.1967
Niren De	30.09.1967 – 30.10.1968
Jagadish Swarup	05.06.1969 – 04.06.1972
L.N. Sinha	17.07.1972 – 05.04.1977
S.N. Kacker	05.04.1977 – 02.08.1979
Soli Sorabjee	09.08.1979 – 25.01.1980
K. Parasaran	06.03.1980 – 08.08.1983
Milon K. Banerji	04.04.1986 – 03.04.1989
Ashok Desai	18.12.1989 – 02.12.1990
A.D. Giri	04.12.1990 – 01.12.1991
Dipankar P. Gupta	09.04.1992 – 10.04.1997
T.R.Andhyarujina	11.04.1997 – 04.04.1998
Nitte Santhosh Hegde	10.04.1998 – 07.01.1999
Harish Salve	01.11.1999 - 03.11.2002
Kirit N Raval	04.11.2002 - 19.04.2004
G. E. Vahanvati	20.04.2004 - 07.06.2009
Gopal Subramaniam	15.06.2009 - 14.7.2011
Rohinton Nariman	23.7.2011 -

list of Presidents of India

S.No.	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Political Party
1	Rajendra Prasad	26 Jan 1950	13 May 1962	Indian National Congress
2	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	13 May 1962	13 May 1967	Independent
3	Zakir Hussain	13 May 1967	3 May 1969	Independent
	Varahagiri Venkata Giri*	3 May 1969	20 July 1969	Independent
	Muhammad Hidayatullah	20 July 1969	24 Aug 1969	Independent
4	Varahagiri Venkata Giri	24 Aug 1969	24 Aug 1974	Independent
5	Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed	24 Aug 1974	11 Feb 1977	Indian National Congress
	Basappa Danappa Jatti*	11 Feb 1977	25 July 1977	Independent
6	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	25 July 1977	25 July 1982	Janata Party
7	Giani Jail Singh	25 July 1982	25 July 1987	Indian National Congress
8	Ramaswamy Venkataraman	25 July 1987	25 July 1992	Indian National Congress
9	Shankar Dayal Sharma	25 July 1992	25 July 1997	Indian National Congress
10	Kocheril Raman Narayanan	25 July 1997	25 July 2002	Independent
11	A.P.J. Abdul Kalam	25 July 2002	25 July 2007	Independent
12	Pratibha Patil	25 July 2007	Incumbant	Indian National Congress

New states in India created after 1950

Andhra Pradesh	Created by the State of Andhra Pradesh Act 1953 by carving our some areas from the State of Chennai
Gujarat and Maharashtra	The State of Mumbai was divided into two States i.e. Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Mumbai (Reorganisation) Act 1960
Kerala	Created by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It comprised Travancor and Cochin areas
Karnataka	Created from the Princely State of Mysuru by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It was renamed Karnataka in 1973
Nagaland	It was carved out from the State of Asom by the State of Nagaland Act, 1952
Haryana	It was carved out from the State of Punjab by the Punjab (Reorganisation) Act, 1966
Himachal Pradesh	The Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh was elevated to the status of State by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970
Meghalaya	First carved out as a sub-State within the State of Asom by 23 Constitutional Amendment Act, 1969. Later in 1971, it received the status of a full-fledged State by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971
Manipura and Tripura	Both these States were elevated from the status of Union-Territories by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971
Sikkim	Sikkim was first given the Status of Associate State by the 35th Constitutional Amendment Act 1974. It got the status of a full State in 1975 by the 36th Amendment Act, 1975
Mizoram	It was elevated to the status of a full State by the State of Mizoram Act, 1986
Arunachal Pradesh	It received the status of a full state by the State of Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1896
Goa	Goa was separated from the Union-Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu and was made a full-fledged State of Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganisation Act 1987. But Daman and Diu remained as Union Territory
Chhattisgarh	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000
Uttarakhand	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000
Jharkhand	Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Bihar on November 15, 2000

Borrowed features of constitution from different countries.

From U.K.	·                     Nominal Head – President (like Queen) ·                     Cabinet System of Ministers ·                     Post of PM ·                     Parliamentary Type of Govt. ·                     Bicameral Parliament ·                     Lower House more powerful ·                     Council of Ministers responsible to Lowe House ·                     Speaker in Lok Sabha
From U.S.	·                     Written Constitution ·                     Executive head of state known as President and his being the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces ·                     Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha ·                     Fundamental Rights ·                     Supreme Court ·                     Provision of States ·                     Independence of Judiciary and judicial review ·                     Preamble
From USSR	·                     Fundamental Duties ·                     Five year Plan
From AUSTRALIA	·                     Concurrent list ·                     Language of the preamble ·                     Provision regarding trade, commerce and intercourse
From JAPAN	·                     Law on which the Supreme Court function
From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF GERMANY	·                     Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the emergency
From CANADA	·                     Scheme of federation with a strong centre ·                     Distribution of powers between centre and the states and placing. Residuary Powers with the centre
From IRELAND	·                     Concept of Directive Principles of States Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN) ·                     Method of election of President ·                     Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President

List of High Courts in India

Name	Establishment year	Territorial Jurisdiction	Seat
Allahabad	1866	Utter Pradesh	Allahabad (Bench at Lucknow)
Andhra Pradesh	1954	Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad
Bombay	1862	Maharastra, Dadar, & Nagar Haveli. Goa, Daman  Diu
Kolkata	1862	West Bengal, Andman & Nicobar Islands	Kolkata ( Bench of port Blair)
Delhi	1966	Delhi	Delhi
Guwahati	1948	Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh	Guwahati (Bench at Kohima , Imphal , Agartala , and Shilong
Gujarat	1960	Gujarat	Ahmedabad
Himachal Pradesh	1966	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla
Jammu & Kashmir	1928	Jammu & Kashmir	Sri Nagar & Jammu
Karnataka	1884	Karnataka	Bangalore
Kerala	1958	Kerala & Lakshadweep	Ernakulam
Madhya Pradesh	1956	Madhya Pradesh	Jabalpur  (Bench –Indore , Gwalior)
Madras	1862	Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry	Chennai
Orissa	1948	Orissa	Cuttack
Patna	1916	Bihar	Patna
Punjab & Haryana	1975	Punjab, Haryana , Chandigarh	Chandigarh
Rajasthan	1949	Rajasthan	Jodhpur ( Bench – Jaipur)
Sikkim	1975	Sikkim	Gangtok
Chhattisgarh	2000	Chhattisgarh	Bilaspur
Uttarakhand	2000	Uttarakhand	Nainital
Jharkhand	2000	Jharkhand	Ranchi

List of Lok Sabha Speakers

Lok Sabha	First meeting	Dissolution	Speaker	Tenure	Party
First Lok Sabha	13 May, 1952	4 April, 1957	Shri Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar	15 May, 1952-27 –  February, 1956	Indian National Congress
			Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar	8 March, 1956 –  10 May, 1957	Indian National Congress
Second Lok Sabha	10 May, 1957	31 March, 1962	Shri M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar	11 May, 1957 –  16 April, 1962	Indian National Congress
Third Lok Sabha	16 April, 1962	3 March,  1967	Shri Hukam Singh	17 April, 1962 –  16 March, 1967	Indian National Congress
Fourth Lok Sabha	16 March, 1967	7 December, 1970	Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	17 March, 1967 –  19 July, 1969	Indian National Congress
			Shri Gurdial Singh Dhillon	8 August, 1969 –  19 March, 1971	Indian National Congress
Fifth Lok Sabha	19 March, 1971	18 January, 1977	Shri Gurdial Singh Dhillon	22 March, 1971 –  1 December, 1975	Indian National Congress
			Shri Bali Ram Bhagat	5 January, 1976 –  25 March, 1977	Indian National Congress
Sixth Lok Sabha	25 March, 1977	22 August, 1979	Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	26 March, 1977 –  13 July, 1977	Janata Party
			Shri K. S. Hegde	21 July, 1977 –  21 January, 1980	Janata Party
Seventh Lok Sabha	21 January, 1980	31 December, 1984	Shri Bal Ram Jakhar	22 January, 1980 –  15 January, 1985	Indian National Congress
Eighth Lok Sabha	15 January, 1985	27 November, 1989	Shri Bal Ram Jakhar,	16 January, 1985 –  18 December, 1989	Indian National Congress
Ninth Lok Sabha	18 December, 1989	13 March, 1991	Shri Ravi Ray	19 December, 1989 –  9 July, 1991	Janata Party
Tenth Lok Sabha	9 July, 1991	10 May, 1996	Shri Shivraj V. Patil	10 July, 1991 –  22 May, 1996	Indian National Congress
Eleventh Lok Sabha	22 May, 1996	4 Dec., 1997	Shri P. A. Sangma	23 May, 1996 –  23 March, 1998 (FN)	Indian National Congress
Twelfth Lok Sabha	23 March, 1998,	26 April, 1999	Shri G. M. C. Balayogi	24 March, 1998 –  20 October, 1999 (FN)	Telugu Desam Party
Thirteenth Lok Sabha	20 October, 1999	6 February, 2004	Shri G. M. C. Balayogi	22 October, 1999 –  3 March, 2002	Telugu Desam Party
			Shri Manohar Joshi	10 May, 2002 –  4 June, 2004	Shiv Sena
Fourteenth Lok Sabha	2 June, 2004	18 May, 2009	Shri Somnath Chatterjee	4 June, 2004 –  30 May 2009	Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Fifteen Lok Sabha	1 July, 2009	———–	Meira Kumar	30 May 2009–present	Indian National Congress

List of Prime Minister of world

List of current heads of state and government

State	Head of state	Head of government
Afghanistan	President Hamid Karzai
Albania	President Bujar Nishani	Prime Minister Sali Berisha
Algeria	President Abdelaziz Bouteflika	Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal
Andorra	Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives i Sicília Representative Nemesi Marqués Oste Co-Prince François Hollande Representative Sylvie Hubac	Prime Minister Antoni Martí
Angola	President José Eduardo dos Santos
Antigua and Barbuda	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Dame Louise Lake-Tack	Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer
Argentina	President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
Armenia	President Serzh Sargsyan	Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan
Australia	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2][3] Governor-General Quentin Bryce	Prime Minister Julia Gillard
Austria	President Heinz Fischer	Chancellor Werner Faymann
Azerbaijan	President Ilham Aliyev	Prime Minister Artur Rasizade
Bahamas	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Arthur Foulkes	Prime Minister Perry Christie
Bahrain	King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa	Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Bangladesh	President Zillur Rahman	Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
Barbados	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Elliott Belgrave	Prime Minister Freundel Stuart
Belarus	President Alexander Lukashenko	Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich
Belgium	King Albert II	Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo
Belize	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Colville Young	Prime Minister Dean Barrow
Benin	President Yayi Boni	Prime Minister Pascal Koupaki
Bhutan	King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck	Prime Minister Jigme Thinley
Bolivia	President Evo Morales
Bosnia and Herzegovina	High Representative Valentin Inzko
	Presidency:[4] Bakir Izetbegović (Chairman) Nebojša Radmanović (Member) Željko Komšić (Member)	Prime Minister Vjekoslav Bevanda
Botswana	President Ian Khama
Brazil	President Dilma Rousseff
Brunei	Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Bulgaria	President Rosen Plevneliev	Prime Minister Boyko Borisov
Burkina Faso	President Blaise Compaoré	Prime Minister Luc-Adolphe Tiao
Burma (Myanmar)	President Thein Sein
Burundi	President Pierre Nkurunziza
Cambodia	King Norodom Sihamoni	Prime Minister Hun Sen
Cameroon	President Paul Biya	Prime Minister Philémon Yang
Canada	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor General David Johnston	Prime Minister Stephen Harper
Cape Verde	President Jorge Carlos Fonseca	Prime Minister José Maria Neves
Central African Republic	President François Bozizé	Prime Minister Faustin-Archange Touadéra
Chad	President Idriss Déby	Prime Minister Emmanuel Nadingar
Chile	President Sebastián Piñera
China, People's Republic of	President Hu Jintao	Premier Wen Jiabao
Colombia	President Juan Manuel Santos
Comoros	President Ikililou Dhoinine
Congo, Democratic Republic of	President Joseph Kabila	Prime Minister Augustin Matata Ponyo
Congo, Republic of	President Denis Sassou Nguesso
Costa Rica	President Laura Chinchilla
Côte d'Ivoire	President Alassane Ouattara	Prime Minister Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio
Croatia	President Ivo Josipović	Prime Minister Zoran Milanović
Cuba	President Raúl Castro
Cyprus	President Demetris Christofias
Czech Republic	President Václav Klaus	Prime Minister Petr Nečas
Denmark	Queen Margrethe II	Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt
Djibouti	President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh	Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
Dominica	President Eliud Williams	Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominican Republic	President Danilo Medina
East Timor	President Taur Matan Ruak	Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão
Ecuador	President Rafael Correa
Egypt	President Mohamed Morsi	Prime Minister Hesham Qandil
El Salvador	President Mauricio Funes
Equatorial Guinea	President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo	Prime Minister Vicente Ehate Tomi
Eritrea	President Isaias Afewerki
Estonia	President Toomas Hendrik Ilves	Prime Minister Andrus Ansip
Ethiopia	President Girma Wolde-Giorgis	Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn‎
Fiji	President Epeli Nailatikau	Acting Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama
Finland	President Sauli Niinistö	Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen
France	President François Hollande	Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault
Gabon	President Ali Bongo Ondimba	Prime Minister Raymond Ndong Sima
Gambia	President Yahya Jammeh
Georgia	President Mikheil Saakashvili	Prime Minister Bidzina Ivanishvili
Germany	President Joachim Gauck	Chancellor Angela Merkel
Ghana	President John Dramani Mahama
Greece	President Karolos Papoulias	Prime Minister Antonis Samaras
Grenada	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Carlyle Glean	Prime Minister Tillman Thomas
Guatemala	President Otto Pérez Molina
Guinea	President Alpha Condé	Prime Minister Mohamed Said Fofana
Guinea-Bissau	Acting President Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo	Acting Prime Minister Rui Duarte de Barros
Guyana	President Donald Ramotar	Prime Minister Sam Hinds
Haiti	President Michel Martelly	Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe
Honduras	President Porfirio Lobo Sosa
Hungary	President János Áder	Prime Minister Viktor Orbán
Iceland	President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson	Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
India	President Pranab Mukherjee	Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Indonesia	President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Iran	Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei	President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Iraq	President Jalal Talabani	Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki
Ireland	President Michael D. Higgins	Taoiseach Enda Kenny
Israel	President Shimon Peres	Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
Italy	President Giorgio Napolitano	Prime Minister Mario Monti
Jamaica	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2][5] Governor-General Sir Patrick Allen	Prime Minister Portia Simpson-Miller
Japan	Emperor Akihito	Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda
Jordan	King Abdullah II	Prime Minister Abdullah Ensour
Kazakhstan	President Nursultan Nazarbayev	Prime Minister Serik Akhmetov
Kenya	President Mwai Kibaki	Prime Minister Raila Odinga
Kiribati	President Anote Tong
Kuwait	Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah	Prime Minister Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah
Kyrgyzstan	President Almazbek Atambayev	Prime Minister Zhantoro Satybaldiyev
Laos	President Choummaly Sayasone	Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong
Latvia	President Andris Bērziņš	Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis
Lebanon	President Michel Suleiman	Prime Minister Najib Mikati
Lesotho	King Letsie III	Prime Minister Tom Thabane
Liberia	President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Libya	Chairman of the General National Congress Mohamed el-Magariaf	Prime Minister Abdurrahim El-Keib Prime Minister-designate Ali Zeidan
Liechtenstein	Prince Hans-Adam II Prince-Regent Alois	Prime Minister Klaus Tschütscher
Lithuania	President Dalia Grybauskaitė	Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius
Luxembourg	Grand Duke Henri	Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker
Macedonia	President Gjorge Ivanov	Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski
Madagascar	President of the High Authority of Transition Andry Rajoelina	Prime Minister Omer Beriziky
Malawi	President Joyce Banda
Malaysia	Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdul Halim	Prime Minister Najib Razak
Maldives	President Mohammed Waheed Hassan
Mali	Acting President Dioncounda Traoré	Acting Prime Minister Cheick Modibo Diarra
Malta	President George Abela	Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi
Marshall Islands	President Christopher Loeak
Mauritania	President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz Acting President Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf	Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
Mauritius	President Rajkeswur Purryag	Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam
Mexico	President Felipe Calderón President-elect Enrique Peña Nieto
Micronesia, Federated States of	President Manny Mori
Moldova	President Nicolae Timofti	Prime Minister Vlad Filat
Monaco	Prince Albert II	Minister of State Michel Roger
Mongolia	President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj	Prime Minister Norovyn Altankhuyag
Montenegro	President Filip Vujanović	Prime Minister Igor Lukšić
Morocco	King Mohammed VI	Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane
Mozambique	President Armando Guebuza	Prime Minister Alberto Vaquina
Namibia	President Hifikepunye Pohamba	Prime Minister Nahas Angula
Nauru	President Sprent Dabwido
Nepal	President Ram Baran Yadav	Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai
Netherlands	Queen Beatrix	Prime Minister Mark Rutte
New Zealand	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Jerry Mateparae	Prime Minister John Key
Nicaragua	President Daniel Ortega
Niger	President Mahamadou Issoufou	Prime Minister Brigi Rafini
Nigeria	President Goodluck Jonathan
North Korea	Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un[6]
	Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam	Premier Choe Yong-rim
Norway	King Harald V	Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg
Oman	Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said
Pakistan	President Asif Ali Zardari	Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
Palau	President Johnson Toribiong
Panama	President Ricardo Martinelli
Papua New Guinea	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Michael Ogio	Prime Minister Peter O'Neill
Paraguay	President Federico Franco
Peru	President Ollanta Humala	Prime Minister Juan Jiménez Mayor
Philippines	President Benigno Aquino III
Poland	President Bronisław Komorowski	Prime Minister Donald Tusk
Portugal	President Aníbal Cavaco Silva	Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho
Qatar	Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani	Prime Minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani
Romania	President Traian Băsescu	Prime Minister Victor Ponta
Russia	President Vladimir Putin	Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev
Rwanda	President Paul Kagame	Prime Minister Pierre Habumuremyi
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Cuthbert Sebastian	Prime Minister Denzil Douglas
Saint Lucia	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy	Prime Minister Kenny Anthony
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Frederick Ballantyne	Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
Samoa	O le Ao o le Malo Tufuga Efi	Prime Minister Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi
San Marino	Captain Regent Teodoro Lonfernini Captain Regent Denise Bronzetti
São Tomé and Príncipe	President Manuel Pinto da Costa	Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada
Saudi Arabia	King Abdullah
Senegal	President Macky Sall	Prime Minister Abdoul Mbaye
Serbia	President Tomislav Nikolić	Prime Minister Ivica Dačić
Seychelles	President James Michel
Sierra Leone	President Ernest Bai Koroma
Singapore	President Tony Tan	Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
Slovakia	President Ivan Gašparovič	Prime Minister Robert Fico
Slovenia	President Danilo Türk	Prime Minister Janez Janša
Solomon Islands	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Frank Kabui	Prime Minister Gordon Darcy Lilo
Somalia	President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud	Prime Minister Abdi Farah Shirdon
South Africa	President Jacob Zuma
South Korea	President Lee Myung-bak	Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik
South Sudan	President Salva Kiir Mayardit
Spain	King Juan Carlos I	Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy
Sri Lanka	President Mahinda Rajapaksa	Prime Minister D. M. Jayaratne
Sudan	President Omar al-Bashir
Suriname	President Dési Bouterse
Swaziland	King Mswati III	Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini
Sweden	King Carl XVI Gustaf	Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt
Switzerland	Federal Council:[7] Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (Pres.), Ueli Maurer (VP), Doris Leuthard, Didier Burkhalter, Simonetta Sommaruga, Johann Schneider-Ammann, Alain Berset
Syria	President Bashar al-Assad	Prime Minister Wael Nader Al-Halqi
Tajikistan	President Emomalii Rahmon	Prime Minister Oqil Oqilov
Tanzania	President Jakaya Kikwete	Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda
Thailand	King Bhumibol Adulyadej	Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra
Togo	President Faure Gnassingbé	Prime Minister Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu
Tonga	King Tupou VI	Prime Minister Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō
Trinidad and Tobago	President George Maxwell Richards	Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar
Tunisia	President Moncef Marzouki	Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali
Turkey	President Abdullah Gül	Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Turkmenistan	President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Tuvalu	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2] Governor-General Sir Iakoba Italeli	Prime Minister Willy Telavi
Uganda	President Yoweri Museveni	Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi
Ukraine	President Viktor Yanukovych	Prime Minister Mykola Azarov
United Arab Emirates	President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan	Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
United Kingdom	Queen Elizabeth II[1][2]	Prime Minister David Cameron
United States	President Barack Obama
Uruguay	President José Mujica
Uzbekistan	President Islam Karimov	Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Vanuatu	President Iolu Abil	Prime Minister Sato Kilman
Vatican City	Pope Benedict XVI	President of the Governorate Giuseppe Bertello
Venezuela	President Hugo Chávez
Vietnam	President Truong Tan Sang	Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung
Yemen	President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi	Prime Minister Mohammed Basindawa
Zambia	President Michael Sata
Zimbabwe	President Robert Mugabe	Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai

States recognised by at least one United Nations member

State	Head of state	Head of government
Abkhazia	President Alexander Ankvab	Prime Minister Leonid Lakerbaia
Kosovo	President Atifete Jahjaga	Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi
Northern Cyprus	President Derviş Eroğlu	Prime Minister İrsen Küçük
Palestine	(disputed) President either: Mahmoud Abbas (West Bank) or Aziz Duwaik (Acting President) (Gaza Strip)[8]	(disputed) Prime Minister either: Salam Fayyad (West Bank) or Ismail Haniyeh (Gaza Strip)[9]
China, Republic of (Taiwan)	President Ma Ying-jeou	Premier Sean Chen
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	President Mohamed Abdelaziz	Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Omar
South Ossetia	President Leonid Tibilov	Prime Minister Rostislav Khugayev

States not recognised by any United Nations members

This list encompasses the leaders of geo-political entities that lack significant international recognition. The degree of control these entities exert over their claimed territories may vary.

State	Head of state	Head of government
Nagorno-Karabakh	President Bako Sahakyan	Prime Minister Arayik Harutyunyan
Somaliland	President Ahmed Mahamoud Silanyo
Transnistria	President Yevgeny Shevchuk	Prime Minister Pyotr Stepanov